What is a common consequence of untreated anemia?

• A. Increased physical stamina
• B. Improved cognitive function
• C. Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
• D. Decreased susceptibility to infections

Answer: (C)

Untreated anemia leads to a decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the body's tissues, which results in a range of symptoms primarily associated with fatigue. Individuals with anemia often experience significant fatigue and a reduced capacity for physical activity or exercise tolerance. This is due to the body's inability to effectively deliver oxygen to muscles and other organs during exertion, leading to tiredness and a feeling of weakness even with minimal effort.

The physiological basis for this is that hemoglobin, the component of red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen, is reduced in anemia. As a result, the muscles and organs do not receive the oxygen necessary for optimal functioning, which directly contributes to feelings of lethargy and the inability to sustain physical performance over time.

In contrast, the other choices indicate outcomes that are not associated with untreated anemia. For example, increased stamina or improved cognitive function would require adequate oxygen delivery, which is compromised in an anemic state. Similarly, a decreased susceptibility to infections is not a consequence of anemia; in fact, anemia can sometimes be associated with various underlying conditions that may impair the immune response.