What causes hypertension in adults?

• A. Decreased systemic vascular resistance
• B. Increased systemic vascular resistance or increased cardiac output
• C. Infectious agents in the bloodstream
• D. Uncontrolled weight loss

Answer: (B)

Hypertension in adults is commonly caused by increased systemic vascular resistance or increased cardiac output. When blood vessels narrow or become less compliant, the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the circulatory system increases, leading to higher blood pressure. This can be due to factors such as damage to the vessels, leading to a loss of elasticity, or from conditions that cause vasoconstriction.

Additionally, increased cardiac output, which occurs when the heart pumps more blood per minute, can also elevate blood pressure. This is often seen in situations such as hyperthyroidism or other conditions that increase workload on the heart.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary mechanisms that result in hypertension. Decreased systemic vascular resistance would reduce blood pressure, while infectious agents in the bloodstream and uncontrolled weight loss are not typical causes of hypertension in adults.